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S  0 ^ `  >*  0h ^   @*  0$# ^ `  @*H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.S@a+D=' = @B + Default Design  ph (     TG8c8c s s?S" .     TA$?air_sidebar_r1_c7"`p    N4K ?"6@ NNN?NU J   ,   ZxI 1 s? `  PCompressed Air Dynamics: Understanding Its Effects On Operating Costs & Profits  QOR  NXQ ?"6@ NNN?N59,$ 0 b0Click here to continue& .H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10.Sa+}DZDo' = @B D*' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +Da' =%(%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(+8+0+ +%     0r (  0 0  N118c s?@S    0 rA$ air_sidebar_r1_c7`?p ] 0 B] K1f,$ 0 kA common misunderstanding most owners and plant managers make is not treating compressed air as a utility. 0lbL 0 <cP 0 ,$@ 0 xCompressed air generally represents between seven to forty percent of the overall energy consumption in most plants. A conscious decision must be made to fully quantify compressed air costs, both within the parameters of generating it and how production uses it. Remember& . Demand is the driving factor of Supply. == 0 <|l 5,$p 0 R In terms of  wire to work , compressed air represents the most inefficient way of transmitting power within the plant. Even the most efficiently designed air system will produce eleven percent of input energy in the form of actual work at the point of use. 0 RB  0 s *DjJPi  0 Nq ?"6@ NNN?N Z ,$' 0 yEProduction must be held accountable for proper compressed air usage. FFX  0 TPv ?"6@ NNN?N0g,$ 0 b0Click here to continue& . H 0 0޽h ? 33sk___PPT10K.S0(+PD' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(%(D' =%(D' =A@BB5BB0B%()))D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*0%(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<*0D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<*0D' =-g6B fade*<3<*0D' =%(D' =A@BB5BB0B%(p)))D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*0%(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<*0D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<*0D' =-g6B fade*<3<*0D' =%(XD' =A@BB5BB0B%(@)))D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*0%(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<*0D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<*0D' =-g6B fade*<3<*0D' =%(<D' =A@BB5BB0B%(')))D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* 0%(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<* 0D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<* 0D' =-g6B fade*<3<* 0D' =%(eD' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* 0%(++0+0 ++0+0 ++0+0 ++0+ 0 ++0+ 0 + ^V <(  < < 6 @S PCompressed Air Dynamics: Understanding Its Effects On Operating Costs & Profits "QOp < c HA$ air_sidebar_r1_c7`?pRB < s *DjJP < <P}  LLet s say the plant s blended electrical rates are $0.09/kWh, with the plant operating three shifts per day, seven days per week of production. Every 100scfm of air generated costs approximately $15,000 per year. if your plant uses on average 1000scfm, annual electrical costs can exceed $150,000. This cost is solely associated with the production of the compressed air and does not include the costs incurred with the removal of any contaminants, which will effect production equipment. If your facility considers a 10% pre-tax profit acceptable, $1.5 million in production revenue must be generated to support the compressed air generation. Simply lowering actual usage by 15% will not only save close to $22,500/year in electrical costs, but will also lower the production revenue needed to overcome the utility costs. Actual pre-tax savings are in excess of a $240,000/year. With this in mind, it is rather surprising plant personnel still give little thought to the use of compressed air and actually have the mindset where  More IS better . 0'    < <,4  ,$: 0 BMore pressure, more volume, more dryness& more whatever is what the plant needs despite the costs associated with  More . 0|s  < <5 p> An Example Of Operating Costs    < <$ _z,$@  0 Chase the MONEY!! Your  Utilities are not a profit center All costs need to be passed on!<\  : X  < Tx ?"6@ NNN?NG,$ 0 b0Click here to continue& .H < 0޽h ? 33  ___PPT10 .SpTW?+%D ' = @B D ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D ' =%(%(D' =%(D' =A@BB5BB0B%(:)))D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*<%(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<*<D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<*<D' =-g6B fade*<3<*<D' =%(<D>' =A@BBBB0B%(@D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* <%(D' =-m6Bbox(in)*<3<* <D' =%(]D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* <%(++0+< ++0+ < ++0+ < +Y!   8 (  8p 8 c HA$ air_sidebar_r1_c7NWpRB 8 s *DjJP 8 <|{P U#Plant Pressure: A Simple Comparison$$^ 8 <n0 Most plants normally have an incoming supply voltage of 460vac. Under normal operating conditions, the voltage normally remains steady. What would happen if incoming voltage dropped 10%?   8 <v2 *   8 <%v *   8 << Ap ,$ 0 t@Let s say the Plant Pressure is adjusted for a maximum pressure of 115psig. Operating three compressors and allowing for cascading pressure band of 10psig per unit @ 5psi intervals, pressure can and will drop to 95psig before the last compressor loads. This equates to 22% fluctuation. !! 9l ` 8,$D 0  8 6C` XAt 414vac, it can be safely assumed major problems would arise somewhere in the plant. YY   8 <(   G460vac x 90% = 414vac S 8 <L 3 ,$X 0 If a 10% drop in incoming voltage is unacceptable, why is it then ok to allow plant pressure to vary 22% with no ramifications? 8 6 @S PCompressed Air Dynamics: Understanding Its Effects On Operating Costs & Profits "QOX 8 T ?"6@ NNN?NG,$ 0 b0Click here to continue& .H 8 0޽h ? 33___PPT10.So4+~D' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(%(D' =%(Dy' =4@BB5BB%()))D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*8%(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<*8D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<*8D' =-g6B fade*<3<*8D' =%(|D' =A@BB5BB0B%()))D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* 8%(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<* 8D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<* 8D' =-g6B fade*<3<* 8D' =%(*D' =A@BB5BB0B%(X)))D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*8%(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<*8D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<*8D' =-g6B fade*<3<*8D' =%(DHD' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*8%(++0+ 8 ++0+8 ++0+8 +Q_  0 j(   x  c $PP`     lA$air_sidebar_r1_c7NWp   nA  Blank No Rulers    <؆ ` TTypical problems associated with this system design include but are not limited to:UU   H\  LPlant Pressure varies with compressor set-points and number of compressors on-line. This is typically 15-30 psi. (12.5  25% variation)  @  0L z,$'  0 dTo avoid varying pressure, compressors may be set to  modulate if capable. Although pressure may be more stable (typically +/- 5 psi), there is a power penalty. With the common inlet valve or turn valve modulation 50% capacity uses 80% of full load power. Additionally, modulation is extremely difficult to setup. Once a modulating compressor is loaded, it becomes very difficult to remove a compressor. This is because as the pressure rises to the unload pressure of any compressors, the modulating compressor  backs off , so it is very probable that when using a compressor in modulation, there are too many compressors running. Note that  running does not necessarily mean needed. 8Xw  H  P ,$p 0 Since plant demand typically varies, this design requires that there is always enough horsepower on-line to handle peak demand, or the consequence is that the plant pressure will suffer. The other alternative is to raise the plant pressure to a high enough pressure so that pressure will never fall below an unacceptable level. This causes all users that are not well regulated to waste extra air.     H ,$@ 0 ]+If the compressors can automatically start on falling pressure, this system design requires that there be adequate pressure delta between compressors set-points (staggered or cascaded set-points) to permit a compressor to start and load, which takes time, before the next compressor is called for. ,, RB  s *DjJP  6 @S PCompressed Air Dynamics: Understanding Its Effects On Operating Costs & Profits "QO2  s *PP,$D@  02  s *P0 ,$D  02  s * P ,$D@   02  0P`,$@@  0l  pz   pz,$@'  0`2   059 Pp   <59v pz R= Unit Running and Modulated   0" ,$ N 0 4As flow across clean-up equipment increases, P increases as a squared function of the flow. Therefore, when the plant needs the most air, air pressure downstream is effected. Usual P across clean-up is 10psid.$- " B-B  60 ,$D:  0  <)`,$@  0 I= Unit Running Unloaded z  z    p,$@@  0Z2   s * Pp   6.v z O= Unit Running and Loaded X  T2 ?"6@ NNN?NK|,$  0 b0Click here to continue& .H  0޽h ? 33B B___PPT10A.Sw+8D7@' = @B D?' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D)?' =%(%(DP ' =%(D' =A@BB5BB0B%(@)))D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<* D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<* D' =-g6B fade*<3<* D1' =4@BBBB%(@D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D' =-m6Bbox(in)*<3<* D1' =4@BBBB%(@D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D' =-m6Bbox(in)*<3<* D' =%(4!D1' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D' =-m6Bbox(in)*<3<* D ' =%(2D' =A@BB5BB0B%(p)))D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<* D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<* D' =-g6B fade*<3<* D>' =A@BBBB0B%(@D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D' =-m6Bbox(in)*<3<* D1' =4@BBBB%(@D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D' =-m6Bbox(in)*<3<* D1' =4@BBBB%(@D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D' =-m6Bbox(in)*<3<* DF' =%(SD' =A@BB5BB0B%(')))D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<* D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<* D' =-g6B fade*<3<* D1' =4@BBB B%('D' =-o6Bbox(out)*<3<* D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D/' =4@BBBB%('D' =-m6Bbox(in)*<3<* D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D<' =A@BBBB0B%('D' =-m6Bbox(in)*<3<* D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D1' =4@BBBB%('D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D' =-m6Bbox(in)*<3<* D!' =4@BBBB%('D' =,5459*3>Bfillcolor=@BPB<* D' =1:B solid*a3>Bfill.type<* D' =1:B true*]3>Bfill.on<* D!' =4@BBBB%('D' =,54*3>Bfillcolor=@BPB<* D' =1:B solid*a3>Bfill.type<* D' =1:B true*]3>Bfill.on<* D!' =4@BBBB%('D' =,54*3>Bfillcolor=@BPB<* D' =1:B solid*a3>Bfill.type<* D' =1:B true*]3>Bfill.on<* D' =%(܂D' =A@BB5BB0B%( N)))D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<* D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<* D' =-g6B fade*<3<* D1' =4@BBBB%(:D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D' =-m6Bbox(in)*<3<* D' =%(Dt' =4@BB!BB%(D' =5B-0, 0; .33333, 1; 1, 1,54*3>!Bstyle.color='`B@BPB<* %()?))?D' =5B-0, 0; .33333, 1; 1, 1,54*3>Bfillcolor=@BPB<* %()?))?D'  =1:B solid*a3>Bfill.type<* D'  =1:B true*]3>Bfill.on<* D)' =5B-0, 0; .33333, 1; 1, 10l9 BBBBB C*<3<* %()?))?D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%( D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(++0+  ++0+  ++0+  ++0+  ++0+  ++0+  ++0+  +ˁ  !!,D(N!(  (x ( c $V    ( rA$ air_sidebar_r1_c7J`p  ( 04t ! m=PSI Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3>>  ( <Li }M120 118 116 114 112 110 108 106 104 102 100 98 96 94 92 90 88NNx8 p (DpD `B ( 0Dop`B  ( 0Dop`B ( 0Do ( <f d x&500cfm 500cfm 400cfm '' RB ( s *DjJPtF p (  ZB ( s *DopZB ( s *DopZB  ( s *DotF p !( D ` D ZB "( s *DopZB #( s *DopZB $( s *Dop &( <|+7 K,$ 0 This is a visual representation of a typical pressure band operating at most plants. Each compressor having a 10psig band with 5psig load point differential.  )( <c@ `,$ 0 \*Each unit has at a specific CFM rating. ++ B *( 6d0,$D  0B +( 6d0,$@  0B ,( 6d ,$@  01 -( <Hi@ ,$  0 _If plant air demand exceeds 500cfm, Plant Pressure will fall to 100psig Before Unit #2 starts.``  .( 0p P ,$D   0 /( <`nJ P,$  0 If demand starts to exceed the capacity of the first two units (+1,000cfm), Plant Pressure will continue to fall till the load setpoint of Unit #3 is reached. (95psig) ! 0( 0  t ,$D   0 2( <( N[ ?"6@ NNN?N Y ,$@ 0 If the plant increases production and the existing supply volume is inadaquate, a fourth unit must be added. Where will you place it within the cascading Pressure Band?  D a ?( Bhb ?"6@ NNN?Nc P ,$D 0 7Unit #4 z p @( P P ,$@  0ZB A( s *DopZB B( s *DopZB C( s *DoX D( TDf ?"6@ NNN?N`G,$ 0 b0Click here to continue& .H ( 0޽h ? 33_____PPT10_.S +MSD]' = @B DP]' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D\' =%(%(D' =%(D' =A@BB5BB0B%()))E' =1B B`BPB1:Bhidden*3>+B#style.visibility= `B<*&(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*&(%(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<*&(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<*&(D' =-g6B fade*<3<*&(D' =%(D' =A@BB5BB0B%()))E' =1B B`BPB1:Bhidden*3>+B#style.visibility= `B<*)(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*)(%(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<*)(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<*)(D' =-g6B fade*<3<*)(DU' =4@BBBB%(E' =1B B`BPB1:Bhidden*3>+B#style.visibility= `B<*,(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*,(%(D' =-m6Bbox(in)*<3<*,(DU' =4@BBBB%(E' =1B B`BPB1:Bhidden*3>+B#style.visibility= `B<*+(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*+(%(D' =-m6Bbox(in)*<3<*+(DU' =4@BBBB%(E' =1B B`BPB1:Bhidden*3>+B#style.visibility= `B<**(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<**(%(D' =-m6Bbox(in)*<3<**(D_ ' =%(pD' =A@BB5BB0B%( )))E' =1B B`BPB1:Bhidden*3>+B#style.visibility= `B<*-(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*-(%(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<*-(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<*-(D' =-g6B fade*<3<*-(DU' =4@BBBB%( E' =1B B`BPB1:Bhidden*3>+B#style.visibility= `B<*.(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*.(%(D' =-m6Bbox(in)*<3<*.(D_ ' =%(%D' =A@BB5BB0B%()))E' =1B B`BPB1:Bhidden*3>+B#style.visibility= `B<*/(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*/(%(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<*/(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<*/(D' =-g6B fade*<3<*/(DU' =4@BBBB%(E' =1B B`BPB1:Bhidden*3>+B#style.visibility= `B<*0(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*0(%(D' =-m6Bbox(in)*<3<*0(D' =%(:D' =A@BB5BB0B%(@)))E' =1B B`BPB1:Bhidden*3>+B#style.visibility= `B<*2(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*2(%(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<*2(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<*2(D' =-g6B fade*<3<*2(D ' =%([D' =A@BB5BB0B%(@)))D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*4(%(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<*4(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<*4(D' =-g6B fade*<3<*4(DU' =4@BBBB%(@E' =1B B`BPB1:Bhidden*3>+B#style.visibility= `B<*3(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*3(%(D' =-m6Bbox(in)*<3<*3(DU' =4@BBBB%(@E' =1B B`BPB1:Bhidden*3>+B#style.visibility= `B<*7(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*7(%(D' =-m6Bbox(in)*<3<*7(D' =%(}D_' =4@BBBB%(a)))D' =-m6Bbox(in)*<3<*4(D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*4(%(D' =%(D' =A@BB5BB0B%()))D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*9(%(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<*9(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<*9(D' =-g6B fade*<3<*9(D1' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*<(%(D' =-m6Bbox(in)*<3<*<(D' =%(xD_' =4@BBBB%(@)))D' =-m6Bbox(in)*<3<*9(D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*9(%(D/' =4@BBBB%(@D' =-m6Bbox(in)*<3<*<(D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*<(%(DR ' =%(Dy' =4@BB5BB%()))D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*>(%(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<*>(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<*>(D' =-g6B fade*<3<*>(Dy' =4@BB5BB%()))D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*?(%(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<*?(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<*?(D' =-g6B fade*<3<*?(D' =%( D1' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*@(%(D' =-m6Bbox(in)*<3<*@(D/' =4@BB@BB%()?)?D' =.K7 BBBBB]M -3.33333E-6 0.06671 L -3.33333E-6 -0.11119 *3>*B ppt_xB ppt_y=@0BBAApBBB+<*@(D' =%(dD-' =4@BB*BB%()?)?D' =.I7 BBBBB[M -3.33333E-6 -0.11119 L -3.33333E-6 0.1779 *3>*B ppt_xB ppt_y=@0BBAApBBB><*@(D' =%(!D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*D(%(++0+&( ++0+)( ++0+-( ++0+/( ++0+2( ++0+4( ++0+9( ++0+D( +=  `{(  x  c $ 0     rA$ air_sidebar_r1_c7V`p x   <ؚ7    A: Typical System After CAMLink0     BTv  b0NOTE: Modulation is removed from all compressors11    <P ] v8After retrofitting, the system is split between the compressors  supply side and the plant  demand side. The system in its simplest operates as follows:"    0%F  (   HL =,$X 0 DPlant Pressure is controlled by an accurate low loss Pressure Control Valve. Waste due to excess air is eliminated.  Ghosts in production due to varying pressures are eliminated. Users receive a repeatable utility regardless of which compressors are being used.     H@] ,$' 0 FAny excess air compressed, while the demand is less than the compression capacity on-line, is stored to handle future demand increases beyond on-line capacity. This means that we do not require on-line horsepower to handle peak demand provided we have stored enough air mass. ~  H| = ,$: 0 The automation system controls all compressors in a sequential mode within a pressure range, only loading/unloading one compressor. As the  trimming compressor unloads and is not needed, the automation system shuts it down, and trims on one of the compressors that were fully loaded. Trim Expert Mode will calculate demand and run the units closely matched to that demand. Pressure is monitored downstream of clean-up equipment to insure accuracy. .[  i g  H,@ ,$:  0 The automation system can also provide control over load cycle intervals, which directly effects the compressor air-end life expectancy.  RB  s *DjJP2  6  ,$@X  02  6``,$@'  02  6`,$@:   0  6 @S PCompressed Air Dynamics: Understanding Its Effects On Operating Costs & Profits "QOX  T ?"6@ NNN?NG,$  0 b0Click here to continue& .H  0޽h ? 33&&___PPT10&.Sp$+LDV%' = @B D%' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +DH$' =%(%(D ' =%(D' =A@BB5BB0B%(X)))D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<*D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<*D' =-g6B fade*<3<*D' =4@BBBB%(X)))E' =1B B`BPB1:Bhidden*3>+B#style.visibility= `B<*D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =-m6Bbox(in)*<3<*D0' =4@BBBB%(XD' =0l9 CCBB*<3<*D ' =%((#D' =A@BB5BB0B%(')))D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<*D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<*D' =-g6B fade*<3<*D' =4@BBBB%(')))E' =1B B`BPB1:Bhidden*3>+B#style.visibility= `B<*D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =-m6Bbox(in)*<3<*D0' =4@BBBB%('D' =0l9 CCBB*<3<*D ' =%(RD' =A@BB5BB0B%(:)))D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<*D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<*D' =-g6B fade*<3<*D' =4@BBBB%(:)))E' =1B B`BPB1:Bhidden*3>+B#style.visibility= `B<*D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =-m6Bbox(in)*<3<*D0' =4@BBBB%(:D' =0l9 CCBB*<3<*D' =%(pD' =A@BB5BB0B%(:)))D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<*D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<*D' =-g6B fade*<3<*D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(++0+ ++0+ ++0+ ++0+ ++0+ + r'j'@1H&(  Hp H c HA$ air_sidebar_r1_c7V`pRB H s *DjJP H 6 @S PCompressed Air Dynamics: Understanding Its Effects On Operating Costs & Profits "QO H NH! ?"6@ NNN?Nb Y%Pressure Band in a Retrofitted System&&   H <T& { U120 118 116 114 112 110 108 106 104 102 100 98 96 94 92 90 88 86 84VV  H N% ?"6@ NNN?N`  7PSI   H Bd- ?"6@ NNN?N S,$ 0 The cascading pressure band is now replaced by a sequential pressure band that will allow all units to operate within a pre-determined band.  f H N2 ?"6@ NNN?N ,$X 0 vTo stabilize Plant Pressure, we set the Pressure Control Valve at 88psig. Downstream pressure is constantly monitored and adjusted to within .5psig. By  capping plant pressure, Artificial Demand is removed and air leaks within the plant become managable.0 " t  B H  fDjJ?"0@NNN?NP ,$DX  0  H N$< ?"6@ NNN?N Q ,$' 0 Being Control Storage has been installed, the target pressure band can now be lowered, which reduces power consumption 1% on average for every 2psig. The Pressure Band will be lowered from a high of 115psig and is typically set to 98  104psi, which falls within the peak Isothermal efficiency of the compressors. All compressors will now operate within that band.uu  H NH> ?"6@ NNN?N &  3   H N\@ ?"6@ NNN?N ,$  0 At initial start-up of the system, all compressors will pump at 100% capacity. As the Supply pressure reaches 104psig, units will begin to unload.  H Nl  ?"6@ NNN?N II,$ 0 Units will continue to unload and time out while compressor output is greater than plant demand. As demand overcomes supply, pressure will start to decay to load point where another unit will be started. B !H ZD?"0@NNN?N  ,$D  0 "H N(  ?"6@ NNN?N 3 ,$ 0 All large events that may occur will now be absorbed by Control Storage. Production will never be affected, even if a compressor fails. $l P  &HP ,$D 0@ 0 P  HP B H ZD?"0@NNN?N P B H ZD?"0@NNN?N0 P 0  %H 0@P  \,Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3-- B 'H  `D59?"0@NNN?N0 0,$@ 0" (H B?"6@ NNN?N>0 ,$@  0 >LOADED. )H N h?"6@ NNN?N!0 ,$@  0 >LOADED* +H N?"6@ NNN?N! 0 ,$D@  0 :UNLOAD. ,H N0?"6@ NNN?N! 0 ,$@ 0 >LOADED* -H N?"6@ NNN?N!0 ,$@ 0 :UNLOAD. .H NG59?"6@ NNN?N@ 0 ,$D 0 >READY u /H N@ ?"6@ NNN?N 0,$X  0 STrim Expert Mode will automatically choose the best array of units to match Brake Horsepower to Demand requirements. If the plant demand was 850scfm, instead of running the two 500cfm compressors to satisfy the demand, Trim Expert would unload and time out one 500cfm units and start the 400cfm unit. Pressure would then rise slowly. 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++0+-H ++0+-H ++0+.H ++0+.H ++0+/H ++0+0H ++0+1H +4 PL(  Lp L c HA$ air_sidebar_r1_c7V`pRB L s *DjJP L 6 @S PCompressed Air Dynamics: Understanding Its Effects On Operating Costs & Profits "QO L B ?"6@ NNN?Nfp ,$ 0 HThe basic engineering design and concepts shown in this presentation were developed to help reduce energy costs, while promoting increased plant productivity with repeatable and above acceptable results. They are widely used throughout the industry and when systems are properly designed, have never failed to deliver the proposed results. Demand side issues were not discussed in detail as compressed air uses vary and are specific to each individual plant, making the discovery process and subsequent retrofit unique to that facility. The proper sizing of compressors, filtration, drying equipment, automation and flow control valves are all dependent upon a properly performed demand side evaluation. Airmatic Compressor Systems, Inc. has strived to help our clients better understand compressed air and how it dynamically effects all processes within their facilities. With that in mind, every effort is made to help you achieve successful results. If you should have any questions or need further information, please feel free to contact our auditing department at 1.800.864.7621.^I     " ` H L 0޽h ? 33___PPT10.T +n(D4' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D&' =%(%(D' =%(DV' =A@BB5BB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<*LD' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<*LD' =-g6B fade*<3<*L+8+0+L +r0/[jl$g!Jh,]ehl Oh+'0 X`   2CAMLinkCompressed Air System Management TrainingoiBillnkBillnk38lMicrosoft PowerPointr S@@z@ڻS@ज़ ՜.+,0  $ , On-screen Show!Airmatic Compressor Systems, Incr :  ArialDefault Design(Compressed Air System Management DesignQCompressed Air Dynamics: Understanding Its Effects On Operating Costs & Profits Slide 3Slide 45Typical Compressed Air System Layout Before Retrofit>Typical Cascading Pressure Band used for Multiple Compressors4Typical Compressed Air System Layout After RetrofitSlide 8Slide 9  Fonts UsedDesign Template Slide Titles _lBillBill  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKMNOPQRSUVWXYZ[]^_`abchRoot EntrydO)Pictures)Current User\SummaryInformation(LPowerPoint Document(lDocumentSummaryInformation8TRoot EntrydO)`LlPictures)Current UserASummaryInformation(L      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKMNOPQRSUVWXYZ[h#_l John DiPaneJohn DiPane